| No.37 February 2003 |
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Book Review:
Sport, Nationalization, and Globalization Albany, New York: State University of New York. ISBN 0-7914-4912-2. Author: Bairner, A . (2001).
This book involves the constructs of sport, nationalism, globalization, and
national identity. The book begins with a summary of sport and nationality.
With such topics as politics, unionism, and change, the author seems to explore
every aspect of sport, nationalism, globalization, and national identity. The
author acknowledges that sport, nationalism, and nationality are all bonded
together. Former British Prime Minister, John Major, had claimed that cricket
was an English sport. However, Bairner raises the issue of whether or not people
who play cricket are therefore supporters of England. The book then begins a
recollection of his childhood. Also in the introduction, the author discusses
his experiences with national identity and sport. He discusses how important
soccer was to his realization of the importance nationalism, national identity,
and sport are to the world. He speaks of how soccer unified some parts of Scotland,
while splitting others. Chapter one gives an overall description of national
identity, globalization, and sport, while chapters two through seven discuss
the issues by various regions of the world.
In Chapter 1, the author provides examples of some of
the symbols of civic pride. Bairner discusses how emblems and colors can cause
pride and, in some instances, violence. He also analyzes how sport may be used
to globalize the world, and speaks of how politicians and everyday citizens
alike choose sport as a means of relating to each other and conducting business.
Bairner also notes that, at times, nationalism inadvertently
resists globalization because people of a nation have too much pride to support
other nations. Chapter two begins the breakdown of nations by using England
and Scotland as examples. The remaining chapters follow suit by using England,
Ireland, Sweden, the United States and Canada.
Chapter 2 provides a glimpse into Ireland and how sport
affects basically every aspect of the country. In politics, the author gives
an account of how politics have changed since the 1960s and how sport has improved
relations there. He also discusses how sport can be used to globalize nations
such as Great Britain and Ireland.
Chapter 3 gives as idea of how Scotland uses sport to
unify their nation although it tends to work against the globalization aspect
of sport. Also, according to Bairner, Scotland gave the world the gift of golf
and made rugby as popular as it is today.
Chapters 4 and 5 go on to discuss Ireland and the United
States. The chapters give a history of the nations and how sport affects nationality.
In the nation of Ireland, the author believes that there is no problem in actually
stating that nationalism and nationality actually exists. In the United States,
sport plays a major role in the economy, business, and every other aspect of
life in the nation.
Chapter 5 also provides a glimpse of the influence that
Native Americans had on sport. Some of the mascots from professional teams still
reflects their influence: the Cleveland Indians, the Washington Redskins, and
the Atlanta Braves.
In Chapter 6, Bairner discloses thoughts about hockey,
lacrosse and football. The author also conveys the Americanization of football
in Canada. The author discusses the fact that football and ice hockey are the
only two sports that have remained Canadian.
The author also discusses how important ice hockey is
to Canada as a nation. Chapter 7 provides a good discussion on sport in Sweden.
Skiing is the sport that is showcased in this chapter. The Swedish have a long
history of skiing prominence. In Chapter 8, Bairner uses a more analytical or
theoretical approach to summarize what has been discussed throughout previous
chapters of the book. He also provides a rather sketchy analysis of national
identity, nationalism and globalization.
While this book held the reader's attention for short
periods of time, it provided several lulls. It can serve as a good reference
for those who wish to understand the way in which nationalism, national identity,
globalization, and sport are intertwined. The book, while thorough and useful
in examples of various nations to substantiate the author's point, requires
substantial concentration on the part of the reader. Anyone who wishes to get
an understanding of how sport can be utilized to unify a nation, and, unfortunately,
divide a nation, will find this text of interest.
Khristopher Turner and Darlene Kluka
Grambling State University of Louisiana
Dept. of HPER
P.O. 1193
Grambling, Louisiana
USA
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